10 FOCUSED TOOLS
Optics & quantum relationships calculators
Explore refraction, ideal lenses, photons and simple wave relationships.
Choose the right calculation
Use the stated sign convention for lenses and angles measured to the normal for refraction. Vacuum wavelength differs from wavelength inside a material. These models do not account for every optical aberration or material response.
Find a tool for your question
Snells Law Calculator
Find the refracted ray angle at a boundary between optical media.
Critical Angle Calculator
Find the incidence angle at which ideal total internal reflection begins.
Thin Lens Image Distance Calculator
Find ideal image distance for a thin lens and a real object.
Lens Magnification Calculator
Find signed lateral magnification from object and image distances.
Lens Power Calculator
Convert a lens focal length in metres into optical power.
Refractive Index From Speed Calculator
Find optical refractive index from an entered light phase speed.
Photon Energy Calculator
Calculate the energy of a photon from its vacuum wavelength.
Photon Frequency Calculator
Convert a vacuum light wavelength into electromagnetic frequency.
De Broglie Wavelength Calculator
Find the matter-wave wavelength corresponding to a momentum magnitude.
Young Double Slit Fringe Calculator
Estimate ideal double-slit fringe spacing on a distant screen.
Why can a refracted-angle calculation have no real result?
When Snell’s-law sine exceeds one, the ideal ray model predicts total internal reflection rather than a real transmitted angle.
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